How-to: Giant Pumpkin Soilless Cultivation

Cov taub dag loj loj hauv cov duab thiab tuaj yeem hnyav tshaj 100 kilograms ib txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lawv zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv tsos thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv liab, dawb, thiab daj xim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis yog tsuas yog qhia txog kev txhim kho kev ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub thiab kev cog qoob loo, tab sis kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm txog kev ua liaj ua teb. Nws muaj cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev lom zem thiab kev saib xyuas kev ua liaj ua teb thiab muaj kev loj hlob zoo thiab kev txhawb nqa tus nqi.

1 Ntau yam kev xaiv

Cov ntau yam xaiv cov taub loj loj, uas muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj, liab lossis txiv kab ntxwv, tawm mus txog 70 cm dav, lub hauv paus muaj zog, tuab stems, kev loj hlob zoo, thiab lub sijhawm loj hlob ntawm 120-150 hnub. Qhov ntau yam no muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob sai, yooj yim melon zaum, tuab nqaij, siab yield, yooj yim tswj, thiab cia thiab thauj mus los. Nws muaj kev txhawb nqa zoo thiab kev tsim kho tus nqi thiab tsim nyog rau kev mus ncig ua si, kev nthuav qhia, thiab lwm yam.

2 Lub tsev laus

2.1 Substrate xaiv thiab piv

Feem ntau, lub matrix nrog zoo huab cua permeability, dej permeability thiab chiv retention yog siv. Kev sib xyaw matrix npaj los ntawm peat, vermiculite thiab perlite hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem feem ntau yog siv. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm lub matrix yog xam los ntawm ntim ratio. Pob zeb: perlite=2: 2: 1, ntxiv 1 kg ntawm compound fertilizer ib cubic meter ntawm substrate, thiab tshuaj tsuag los yog kis 100 g ntawm chlorothalonil los yog mancozeb. Nyob rau hauv huab cua txawv txav, tus nqi ntawm perlite tuaj yeem nce ntxiv kom tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej cov huab cua permeability ntawm cov matrix sib xyaw.

2.2 Kev kho noob

Cov taub dag loj muaj cov tsho loj loj thiab cov kab mob qeeb, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau nrawm. Feem ntau, txoj kev soaking noob hauv cov kua zaub sov yog siv rau kev kho mob. Soak cov noob hauv dej sov ntawm 55-60 degree rau 10-15 feeb, ntxiv dej sov thiab do ob peb zaug, khaws cov dej kub ntawm 55 degree, thiab tom qab ntawd cia cov dej kub poob mus rau qhov kub thiab txias kom ntub cov noob. rau 5-8 teev. Rau cov nplaum nplaum ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thaum cov noob muag me ntsis, qhwv lawv nrog cov ntaub qhwv kom lawv ntub, muab tso rau hauv lub thawv kub tsis tu ncua ntawm 25-30 degree kom nrawm germination, thiab sow tom qab ntau tshaj 70 feem pua. cov noob yog dawb.

2.3 Sowing

Vim tias qhov loj ntawm cov taub taub loj loj, koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub lauj kaub 16 cm × 16 cm zoo rau kev cog qoob loo. Muab cov noob germinated rau hauv lub lauj kaub uas muaj cov khoom noj (cov dej dewy yog downward), thiab qhov tob ntawm cov av yog li 1.0 cm, thiab ces npog nrog 1.5 cm. 0-1.5 cm tuab vermiculite (perlite tuaj yeem siv rau lub caij ntuj no). Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias qis thaum lub sij hawm cog qoob loo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau npog nrog yas zaj duab xis kom sov thiab tshem tawm cov yas zaj duab xis tom qab 5-7 hnub ntawm germination. Thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob ntawm melon seedlings, lub 21 cm × 21 cm nutrient lauj kaub tuaj yeem hloov tau raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm huab cua, lub sij hawm yub yog 25-35 hnub, thiab thaum cov yub loj hlob mus rau 4-5 nplooj tiag tiag, lawv tuaj yeem cog. Feem ntau, lub sij hawm sowing yog teem txij lub Peb Hlis mus txog rau Tsib Hlis nyob rau sab qab teb thiab lub Plaub Hlis mus txog rau Lub Rau Hli nyob rau sab qaum teb.

Thaum lub sij hawm tshwm sim, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog kom sov thiab moisturize. Qhov kub hauv lub tsev yog qhov zoo dua yog 25-30 degree thaum nruab hnub, 18-20 degree thaum hmo ntuj, thiab cov huab cua txheeb ze yog 70 feem pua ​​-85 feem pua. Kwv yees li 10 hnub tom qab cov noob melon tshwm sim, kev tswj hwm yuav tsum tau ua kom cua zoo, lub teeb yuav tsum tau nce, thiab qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau qis dua. Qhov kub yuav tsum yog 22-26 degree thaum nruab hnub thiab 15-18 degree thaum hmo ntuj.

Tom qab cov cotyledons ntawm cov yub tau tsim, tshuaj tsuag Puliq raws li lub sijhawm nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov xwm txheej loj hlob tiag tiag, txhawm rau tiv thaiv damping-tawm thiab blight. 2 mus rau 3 hnub ua ntej hloov cov yub, ncuav 1000 zaug dilution ntawm 70 feem pua ​​​​dexon hmoov ib zaug kom tiv thaiv cov noob los ntawm cov kab mob tom qab hloov.

3 Kev npaj av thiab fertilization

Lub taub loj loj muaj cov duab loj dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua rau ib tsob nroj, yog li nws yuav tsum muaj ntau cov chiv. Fertilization ratio N:P2O5:K2O=2:1:3, tag nrho cov chiv N rau ib tsob nroj yog 0.5{{10}} kg, thiab P2O5 yog 0 . .25 kg, K2O yog 0.75 kg, thiab cog qhov ceev yog 10-20 m2 / tsob nroj.

{{{0}}} hnub ua ntej cog, khawb 1.5 m3 cog pits (ntev x dav x qhov siab=1}0 mx 1.0 mx 1.5 m), thiab sau txhua lub qhov nrog 60 cm ntawm Mushroom dregs thiab 60 cm ntawm peat, 40 kg ntawm organic chiv, thiab 50 kg ntawm decomposed qaib quav quav. Sib tov cov chiv thiab cov substrates sib npaug hauv kev faib ua feem thiab sau rau hauv qhov chaw cog. Tom qab nchuav dej hauv qab txaus, npog sab saum toj nrog 15-20 cm ntawm peat. Yuav siv tau rau cog.

4 Kev cog qoob loo

Cog cov melon seedlings ntawm lub hnub nyoog zoo nrog 4 mus rau 6 nplooj thiab muaj zog loj hlob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov, ntxiv ib tug me me ntawm compound fertilizer mus rau lub backfill matrix, thiab dej kom huv si, thiab siv ib tug me hoe los maj mam loosen lub nto ntawm lub qhov. hnub thib ob lossis thib peb thaum lub matrix sab saud tsis nplaum. Matrix, nce aeration. Tom qab cog qeeb seedlings, topdress nrog nyias nitrogen chiv nrog dej los txhawb kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tom qab 7-10 hnub, pib topdressing successively nrog ib tug concentration ntawm txog 5‰. Loosen lub substrate nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tom qab topdressing thiab watering kom tsis txhob muaj cua tsis zoo thiab rotten keeb kwm tshwm sim.

5 Kev tswj hwm txhua hnub

5.1 Sijhawm topping

Thaum cog cov taub loj loj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum khaws 2 mus rau 3 lub ntsiab vines, thiab sab vines yeej tsis raug tshem tawm. Feem ntau, kev ntsuas topping raug coj mus rau thaum lawv loj hlob mus rau 7 mus rau 10 nplooj (lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhuam, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Tag nrho cov txiv neej thiab poj niam paj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, thiab cov thicker lub ntsiab vines yuav tsum tau xaiv kom cov melons. Cov nodes ntawm melons yuav tsum tau xaiv tom qab 20 nplooj (qhov ntev ntawm cov vines yog hais txog 2.5-3.0m), thiab 2-3 melons yuav tsum tau tshwj tseg rau kev cog qoob loo. Tom qab pollination, thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hluas hlob mus rau qhov loj ntawm lub pob ntaus pob, xaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo rau kev cog qoob loo.

5.2 Pollination

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau pollination yog 25 degree, thiaj li tsis ua rau melons yaj vim kub kub. Lub sijhawm pollination raug xaiv ua ntej 8:00 sawv ntxov hnub ci. Thaum pollinating, xaiv ib tug txiv neej lub paj tshiab, tshem tawm cov petals, co tawm cov paj ntoos los ntawm stamens mus rau stigma ntawm tus poj niam paj, thiab ces xaiv ob los yog peb petals los npog lub paj pollinated. ntawm poj niam paj. Yuav kom nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw nyab xeeb, poob rau cov tshuaj npaj rau chlorfenuron nrog txhuam tib lub sijhawm, smear tag nrho cov melon log sib npaug, thiab thaum kawg nteg ib lub npuas npuas hauv qab kom tsis txhob sib cuag nrog hauv av. Cov paj uas tseem tshuav ob lossis peb lub paj yog kho tib yam nkaus (txawm tias nyob rau tib hnub lossis hnub tom qab), thiab cov paj poj niam uas yuav tsim tom qab tag nrho yuav raug tshem tawm.

5.3 Pumpkin tiv thaiv

Txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov melon zaum yuav tsum tiaj tus, thiab tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau tsa nrog lub rooj tsavxwm ua npuas ncauj, thiab qhov chaw loj hlob ntawm li 1 m2 yuav tsum tau tseg. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub melon vines yuav tsum tau trimmed. Thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob mus rau 8-10 m, qhov chaw loj hlob ntawm cov vines tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab tshiab yuav tsum tau coj mus rau thaum lawv khaws txog 5 nplooj. Cov txiv neej thiab poj niam paj uas tshwm sim yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm txhua lub sijhawm, thiab tib lub sijhawm, lawv yuav tsum tau nrog nias vines (nrog rau qhov deb ntawm 2-3 m) txhawm rau txhawm rau hauv paus cheeb tsam[5], yog li ntawd. raws li kom cov as-ham txaus rau kev loj hlob ntawm taub dag.

5.4 Fertilizer thiab tswj dej

Lub taub loj loj hlob sai heev, txij lub Tsib Hlis mus txog Lub Yim Hli yog lub sijhawm loj hlob, thiab nplooj tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau hauv nplooj hauv 3 mus rau 4 hnub, thiab nkag mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nthuav dav txog 5 hnub tom qab pollination dag. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, ntxiv dag zog rau cov chiv thiab kev tswj dej, thiab fertilize lub hauv paus ntsiab lus txhua lub lim tiam Ib zaug (tso daim ntawv thov ntawm cov organic chiv thiab compound fertilizer), tus nqi ntawm cov chiv siv rau txhua tsob nroj yog 7.5-15.{{5} } kg, thiab qhov chaw fertilization yog 30-60 cm deb ntawm lub hauv paus. Nyob rau theem pib, nitrogen chiv feem ntau yog siv, thiab nyob rau theem tom qab, cov hauv paus hniav uas tsim los ntawm vine siab yog siv nrog EM nceb ncuav mog qab zib chiv txhua lub lim tiam. Ib zaug, siv 50-100 mL ntawm chiv rau txhua qhov chaw hauv paus, thiab qhov chaw fertilization yog 30 cm deb ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau stagger lub sij hawm fertilization ntawm lub ntsiab lateral cag.

6 Kev Tswj Kab Tsuag

6.1 Kev tswj lub cev

①Tom qab cov taub dag zaum, cov ntaub qhwv cov ntaub qhwv thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab kom tiv thaiv cov taub taub hauv qab kom tsis txhob raug kab los yog qee yam kab mob rot. ② Tso cov laug cam daj thiab cov ntawv xiav los tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov aphids, whiteflies thiab nplooj miners. Qhov siab dai yuav tsum yog 15-30 cm ntawm qhov siab ntawm nplooj, thiab ib lub rooj tsavxwm yuav tsum tau dai txhua txhua 2-3 m. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau, vim nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv. ③ Tshem tawm cov nplooj daj daj thiab paj ua tsis tiav rau lub sijhawm los tiv thaiv mildew los ntawm cov av noo siab.

6.2 Tshuaj tswj

Cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm taub taub loj yog powdery mildew, kab mob viral, downy mildew thiab lwm yam.

6.2.1 Powdery mildew

Dawb mildew me ntsis tshwm nyob rau ntawm nplooj los yog kev sib tw stems thaum puas, thiab nyob rau hauv mob hnyav, tag nrho cov nplooj yog them nrog dawb hmoov. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm 10-30 degree , thiab qhov kub zoo tshaj yog 20-25 degree . Tus kab mob no loj hlob sai heev nyob rau hauv high-temperature qhuav thiab ntub dej. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv 600-fold dilution ntawm 2 feem pua ​​Kasugami (kasugamycin) aqueous tov, los yog 25 feem pua ​​Amida (Azoxystrobin) ncua, los yog 10 feem pua ​​Shigao (difenoconazole) dej dispersible granules 8 000- quav dilution, los yog 50 feem pua. Pawg neeg (Kysstrobin) qhuav suspension concentrate 3 000-4 000-fold dilution rau kev tswj, hla kev siv, thiab tshuaj tsuag 3 mus rau 4 zaug.

6.2.2 Viral kab mob

Qhov kub siab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov yog qhov yooj yim heev ua rau tus kab mob puas tsuaj, uas feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev tho thiab nqus qhov ncauj xws li aphids los pub thiab kis kab mob. Kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab kev tswj hwm yuav tsum tau ua. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tswj feem ntau muaj xws li morpholinidine hydrochloride, kab mob A, 32 feem pua ​​nucleoside bromomorpholine, thiab lwm yam. Vim nws cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib kis, imidacloprid, abamectin, pyridine, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab xws li chrysanthemum rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov kab mob cab. Raws li ib txwm muaj, yog tias tus kab mob no tsis loj heev, feem ntau nws yog qhov txaus los siv cov tshuaj tua kab saum toj no rau peb zaug, tab sis yog tias tus kab mob hnyav thiab ib puag ncig tsis zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm melon seedlings, Cov nroj tsuag mob hnyav yuav tsum tau rub tawm sai li sai tau.

6.2.3 Downy mildew

Tsev cog khoom thiab tsev cog khoom muaj kab mob thaum qhov kub thiab txias yog 15-25 degree thiab qhov txheeb ze av noo siab tshaj 80 feem pua. Thaum huab cua los nag, dewy, pos huab lossis huab cua tsis tu ncua, tus kab mob yuav ntxov thiab hnyav. Kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov neeg sawv cev tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm Dupont Kelu, propamocarb hydrochloride, anti-virus alum, thiab lwm yam rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj.

6.2.4 Kev Tswj Kab Tsuag

Cov kab tsuag tseem ceeb ntawm taub dag cog hauv tsev cog khoom yog aphids, whitefly, thiab leafminer. Aphids muaj zog fecundity thiab tuaj yeem tsim tau 10 mus rau 30 tiam ib xyoos. Lub tiam sib tshooj phenomenon yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lawv sib cais nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm nplooj nplooj, kev sib tw stems, kev loj hlob cov ntsiab lus thiab paj, thiab nqus kua txiv los ntawm nplooj. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, cov nroj tsuag tsis loj hlob, thiab txawm tias tag nrho cov nroj tsuag wilts thiab tuag. ; whitefly muaj zog fecundity, muaj peev xwm parthenogenetic reproduction, pejxeem loj hlob sai, pawg puas, cov puas nplooj tig ntsuab, tig daj, wilt, thiab txawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag tuag; Txoj cai tshwm sim ntawm Liriomyza sativae tuaj yeem tshwm sim 8 mus rau 10 tiam hauv ib xyoos nyob rau sab qaum teb, ntawm uas 4-5 tiam neeg tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv, thiab tiam neeg tau sib tshooj hnyav hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv txij lub Plaub Hlis mus txog rau lub Rau Hli thiab txij lub Kaum Hli mus txog rau Kaum ib hlis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tswj tau tuaj yeem yog matrine, pyrethrins, chlorpyrifos, emamectin, cyhalothrin, cyromazine, imidacloprid, acetamiprid lossis isoprocarb fumigants, thiab lwm yam rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj.